Professional knowledge of stainless steel
Corrosion Resistance
Stainless steel, despite its susceptibility to rusting, only affects the outermost layers due to its chromium content, which shields deeper layers from oxidation. Additionally, the inclusion of nitrogen enhances resistance to pitting corrosion and bolsters mechanical strength. Various stainless steel grades exist, each tailored with different chromium and molybdenum levels to withstand specific environmental conditions. To bolster corrosion resistance further, consider:
- Increasing chromium content to over 11%.
- Adding at least 8% nickel.
- Incorporating molybdenum, which enhances resistance to pitting corrosion.
Strength
In its annealed state, the most prevalent stainless steel type, 304, boasts a tensile yield strength of approximately 30,000 psi (210 MPa). Through cold working, it can be fortified to reach a strength of 153,000 psi (1,050 MPa) in a fully hardened condition. For the highest strength stainless steels, consider precipitation hardening alloys like 17-4 PH and Custom 465, which can undergo heat treatment to achieve tensile yield strengths up to 251,000 psi (1,730 MPa).
Melting Point
Stainless steel, being a type of steel, shares a melting point similar to ordinary steel, far surpassing those of aluminum or copper. Typically expressed as a range, the melting point varies based on the specific alloy composition, ranging from 1,400 to 1,530 °C (2,550 to 2,790 °F; 1,670 to 1,800 K; 3,010 to 3,250 °R).
Conductivity
Stainless steels, akin to steel, exhibit relatively low electrical conductivity compared to copper. The dense protective oxide layer on stainless steel results in high non-electrical contact resistance (ECR), limiting its application as electrical connectors. Copper alloys and nickel-coated connectors offer lower ECR values and are preferred in such scenarios. However, stainless steel connectors find utility in environments where ECR is less critical, and corrosion resistance is paramount, such as high-temperature and oxidizing settings.
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