Stainless Steel Smelting, Forging, and Rolling
Common Problems in Stainless Steel Smelting, Forging, and Rolling
Shrinkage Cavities
Shrinkage cavities refer to the gaps formed in the steel mold when molten steel shrinks during cooling.Stainless Steel
Transverse Cracks
Transverse cracks are shallow cracks that occur on the surface of steel ingots, usually removable by fine grinding.
Longitudinal Cracks
Longitudinal cracks are deeper cracks on the surface of steel ingots, particularly in the upper part and corners, often challenging to remove by grinding.
Scarring
Scarring refers to metal splashes adhering to the surface of steel ingots, resembling skin-like or tumor-like protrusions, mostly found in the lower part of ingots.
Double Skin
Double skin occurs when irregular dark-colored areas with loose texture appear on the edge of low-magnification test pieces, caused by oxide inclusions gathering mainly around them.
Surface Inclusions
Surface inclusions are non-subtractive particles visible to the naked eye embedded in the surface of steel ingots.
Surface Pores
Surface pores are small holes visible to the naked eye on the surface of steel ingots, typically found in the middle and lower parts and removable by finishing.
Bursting
Bursting happens when the surface of the steel ingot cracks due to extreme cold, often accompanied by a sound.
Rising
Rising refers to irregular convexity at the head of the steel ingot, also known as “rising.”
Reticulation
Reticulation refers to mesh-like protrusions appearing on the surface of steel ingots.
Pockmarks
Pockmarks are pits on the surface of steel ingots.
Double Pouring
Double pouring leaves obvious reconnection marks around the surface of the steel ingot.
Flash
Flash refers to metal flakes perpendicular to the surface of the steel ingot, typically found at the head or tail.
Flying Fins
Flying fins are thin sheets formed on the surface of steel ingots perpendicular to the surface.
Bubbles
Bubbles are defects caused by degassing and deoxidation during steel ingot formation, divided into subcutaneous and internal bubbles.
White Spots
White spots are fine cracks, visible as irregular jagged cracks or silver bright spots on low-magnification samples, often caused by hydrogen.
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